Contrary to popular belief, cloning of animals did not start with Dolly the Sheep. Cloning was developed in the 1930s and was used primarily to clone certain animals such as amphibians.

Technology to clone animals was further developed in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. This motivated the geneticist and Nobel Prize laureate Joshua Lederberg (1925-2008) to publish a scientific essay describing the feasibility of human cloning: Experimental genetics and human evolution, 1966. He suggested that cloning and genetic engineering should be used to improve humans.

In the 1970s, the claims appeared that human clones had been created and were already in existence.

In the science fiction thriller The Second Firstborn, Michael Verne is an FBI geneticist who discovers what he believes are human clones. His discovery turns out to be dangerous for him and everyone who learns about it. His research brings him on a collision path with powerful forces from the shadow and opens questions believed to have been buried in the past. It raises a dilemma about who is actually in control.

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